This volume includes the latest research into the diseases that affect the non-vascular plants. Chapters within this book bring to light the most recent studies of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. The information provided here will allow readers to stay current with this field's ongoing research and ever-developing knowledge base.

CONTENTS: Expanding the Paradigms of Plant Pathogen Life History and Evolution of Parasitic Fitness Beyond Agricultural Boundaries • Two Plant Viral Suppressors of Silencing Require the Ethylene-Inducible Host Transcription Factor RAV2 to Block RNA Silencing • Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 and Salicylic Acid Act Redundantly to Regulate Resistance Gene-Mediated Signaling • Strategies of Nitrosomonas europaea 19718 to Counter Low Dissolved Oxygen and High Nitrite Concentrations • A Novel Pathogenicity Gene Is Required in the Rice Blast Fungus to Suppress the Basal Defenses of the Host • Differential Gene Expression in Incompatible Interaction Between Wheat and Stripe Rust Fungus Revealed by Cdna-AFLP and Comparison to Compatible Interaction • Generation and Analysis of Expression Sequence Tags from Haustoria of the Wheat Stripe Rust Fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici • Living the Sweet Life:How Does a Plant Pathogenic Fungus Acquire Sugar from Plants? • more • Index

Embryology is the study of embryos. It is the branch of biological science that deals with the formation and early development of an individual organism, from fertilization of the egg (ovum) to birth. This collection includes chapters on some of the most important topics in embryology today, such as cryopreservation of human embryos, in vitro generation of neurons from embryonic stem cells, embryonic transfer, transcriptional profiling, and more.

CONTENTS: What Makes Us Human? A Biased View from the Perspective of Comparative Embryology and Mouse Genetics • Maternal Diabetes Alters Transcriptional Programs in the Developing Embryo • Increased Expression of Heat Shock Protein 105 in Rat Uterus of Early Pregnancy and Its Significance in Embryo Implantation • Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome and Prophylactic Human Embryo Cryopreservation:Analysis of Reproductive Outcome Following Thawed Embryo Transfer • Neural Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro:A Road Map to Neurogenesis in the Embryo • Defining Human Embryo Phenotypes by Cohort-Specific Prognostic Factors • Search for the Genes Involved in Oocyte Maturation and Early Embryo Development in the Hen • Ectopic Pregnancy Rates with Day 3 Versus Day 5 Embryo Transfer:A Retrospective Analysis • Transcriptome Analysis of Mouse Stem Cells and Early Embryos • Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Barcode-Like Toxicogenomic Responses in the Zebrafish Embryo • Release of sICAM-1 in Oocytes and In Vitro Fertilized Human Embryos • Three-Dimensional Analysis of Vascular Development in the Mouse Embryo • more • Index

Spectroscopy is a powerful technique that utilizes the interaction of light with matter. It utilizes the absorption, emission, and scattering of light as it interacts with matter creating a large variety of spectra. Analysis of various spectra can yield important physical characteristics of matter, including chemical composition, temperature, luminosity, mass, and more. The uses and implications of spectroscopy are very broad, with practical uses in many fields of science, including astronomy, medicine, analytic chemistry, material science, geology, and more. Researchers are constantly discovering new and clever applications of spectroscopy, and it is expected to play an ever-increasing role in nanotechnology and superconductivity. This new book brings together a diverse collection of new studies in spectroscopy, research advances in spectroscopy, and new uses in spectroscopy.

CONTENTS: Collision-Induced Infrared Absorption by Molecular Hydrogen Pairs at Thousands of Kelvin • Non-Linear Dielectric Spectroscopy of Microbiological Suspensions • Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Derived Tissue Oxygen Saturation in Battlefield Injuries:A Case Series Report • Rapid Etiological Classification of Meningitis by NMR Spectroscopy Based on Metabolite Profiles and Host Response • Traditional Biomolecular Structure Determination by NMR Spectroscopy Allows for Major Errors • A New On-Axis Multimode Spectrometer for the Macromolecular Crystallography Beamlines of the Swiss Light Source • High-Resolution 3D Structure Determination of Kaliotoxin by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy • Kissing G Domains of MnmE Monitored by X-Ray Crystallography and Pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy • In-Cell Biochemistry Using NMR Spectroscopy • Structure of the Dimeric N-Glycosylated Form of Fungal -N-Acetylhexosaminidase Revealed by Computer Modeling, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Biochemical Studies • SAM Domain-Based Protein Oligomerization Observed by Live-Cell Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy • In-Vivo Optical Detection of Cancer Using Chlorin E6— Polyvinylpyrrolidone Induced Fluorescence Imaging and Spectroscopy • A Three-Dimensional Multivariate Image Processing Technique for the Analysis of FTIR Spectroscopic Images of Multiple Tissue Sections • Molecular Mapping of Periodontal Tissues Using Infrared Microspectroscopy • The Use of Coumarins as Environmentally-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes of Heterogeneous Inclusion Systems • Stereochemistry of 16 -Hydroxyfriedelin and 3-Oxo-16– Methylfriedel-16-Ene Established by 2D NMR Spectroscopy • Occipital Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) Reveals Normal Metabolite Concentrations in Retinal Visual Field Defects • Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Based Investigation on Propylene Glycol Toxicosis in a Holstein Cow • ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Detects Alterations Induced by Organotin(IV) Carboxylates in MCF-7 Cells at Sub-Cytotoxic/-Genotoxic Concentrations • Raman Spectroscopy: The Gateway into Tomorrow's Virology• Index